The First Battle of Panipat was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire, which took place on 21 April 1526 in North India. It was fought between the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani along with his local Rohilla and other Pathan and Oudh allies, against the Maratha Empire. Though the infantry of Marathas was organized along European lines and their army had some of the best French-made guns of the time, their artillery was static and lacked mobility against the fast-moving Afghan forces. However, after seeing the Gardis having no clearing for directing their cannon fire at the enemy troops, they lost their patience and decided to fight the Rohillas themselves.

Unconscious and almost dead, Hemu was captured and subsequently beheaded by Akbar later on. They recovered their position under the next Peshwa However, after the death of Madhavrao, due to incessant infighting and external aggression from British Meanwhile, the Sikhs—whose rebellion was the original reason Ahmad invaded—were left largely untouched by the battle. The three battles fought near the city in 1526, 1556 and1761 were all turning points in Indian history. Ahmad Shah's superiority in pitched battle could have been negated if the Marathas had conducted their traditional ganimi kava, or guerrilla warfare, as advised by The Afghan cavalry and pikemen ran wild through the streets of Panipat, killing tens of thousands of Maratha soldiers and civilians.All of the prisoners were transported on bullock carts, The unhappy prisoners were paraded in long lines, given a little parched grain and a drink of water, and beheaded... and the women and children who survived were driven off as slaves – twenty-two thousand, many of them of the highest rank in the land.Jankoji Scindia was taken prisoner and executed at the instigation of Najib. The vanguard was led by Husain Quli Beg and Shah Quli Mahram and included Bairam Khan's detachment of Turks.Hemu's army was numerically superior counting among its ranks a 30,000-strong cavalry force consisting of Afghan horsemen and an elephant contingent numbering 500. Whenever they charged the enemy in front, the chief of the staff and Najib were directed to fall upon either flank.With their own men in the firing line, the Maratha artillery could not respond to the shathurnals and the cavalry charge. Behind this line was another ring of 30,000 young Maratha soldiers who were not battle-tested, and then the civilians.

Their left centre was led by two Viziers, Before dawn on 14 January 1761, the Maratha troops broke their fast with sugared water in the camp and prepared for combat. The place of battle field is disputed by historians, … In 1771, 10 years after Panipat, he sent a large Maratha army into North India in an expedition that was meant to (a) re-establish Maratha domination in North India, and (b) Punish refractory powers that had either sided with the Afghans, such as the … Akbar and his guardian Bairam Khanwho, after learning of the loss of Agra and Delhi, had marched to Panipat to reclaim the lost territories. With a range of several kilometres, these guns were some of the best of the time. In order to turn about the deserting Afghan troopers, Abdali deployed his Nascibchi musketeers to gun down the deserters who finally stopped and returned back to the field.The Marathas, under Scindia, attacked Najib. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowderfirearms and field artillery. The prisoners unwrapped their green belts and wore them as turbans to impersonate the troops of the Abdali had given a part of his army the task of surrounding and killing the Gardis, who were at the leftmost part of the Maratha army.

Keeping this in mind, Peshwa made Sadashivrorao Bhau the chief of Maratha Army. Islam Shah's rightful successor, his 12-year-old son, Hemu started a rapid march from Bengal and drove the Mughals out of Bayana, Etawah, Bharthana, Bidhuna, Lakhna, Sambhal, Kalpi, and Narnaul.On hearing the disastrous news from Tughlaqabad, Humayun's successor, the 13-year-old Akbar and his guardian Bairam Khan soon set off for Delhi.
Hemu had conquered the states of Delhi and Agra a few weeks earlier by defeating the Mughals led by Tardi Beg Khan at the Battle of Delhi and proclaimed himself Raja Vikramaditya at a coronation in Purana Quila in Delhi. Reinstate Shah Alam on Delhi's throne as you did before and let there be peace and friendship between us, this is my ardent desire. However, Hemu was wounded by an arrow in the middle of the battle and fell unconscious. The two ar… Meanwhile, the Mughal cavalry on their swift mounts had made inroads into the Afghan ranks from the flanks as well as the rear and began targeting the elephants, either slashing at the legs of the great beasts or taking out their riders.

External links Edit. He was defeated and killed by Bhau and the Huzurati royal forces fought till the end, the Maratha leader having three horses shot out from under him. The heavy mounted artillery of Afghans proved much better in the battlefield than the light artillery of Marathas.Moreover, the senior Maratha chiefs constantly bickered with one another. Thereafter the time as well as the world has changed with advent of the industrial revolution and modern age. Majumdar,R.
Despite Bhau's success and the ferocity of the charge, the attack did not attain complete success as many of the half-starved Maratha mounts were exhausted.


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